{"id":8108,"date":"2017-11-17T07:47:05","date_gmt":"2017-11-17T00:47:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kientrucvui.com\/?p=8108"},"modified":"2017-11-17T07:47:05","modified_gmt":"2017-11-17T00:47:05","slug":"khong-gian-cong-cong-nhung-goc-nhin-ly-thuyet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kientrucvui.com\/home\/khong-gian-cong-cong-nhung-goc-nhin-ly-thuyet-8108.html","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"
Kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (KGCC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n<\/div>\n
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Khu vui ch\u01a1i tr\u1ebb em c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n C\u1eeb, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 B\u1eafc Ninh<\/p>\n

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Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, kh\u00e1i ni\u00eam KGCC \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, KGCC n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed trong c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u1ebb em, thanh ni\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111i d\u1ea1o an to\u00e0n. B\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m cho con ngo\u00e0i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nguy c\u01a1 r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, trong khi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i b\u1ed9, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, khi\u00eau v\u0169, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec khoan h\u00e3y b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c KGCC. C\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa, s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi v\u00e0i khu\u00f4n c\u1ecf tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y s\u01a1 s\u00e0i, v\u1edbi v\u00e0i chi\u1ebfu gh\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n g\u1eaby ch\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1a, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1ea1t nh\u1ebdo, bu\u1ed3n t\u1ebb, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 KGCC tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng KGCC \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, KGCC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201cc\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n KGCC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111a chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chung, ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. KGCC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh do c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau, \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a KGCC, theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cquy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u201d t\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f3. Trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chung, c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 C\u00e1c KGCC. Agora trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i KGGG n\u00e0y. KGCC v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u00a0 \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau, thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u201cquy\u1ec1n\u201d ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c KGCC n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau: Ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o, v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c KGCC v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, g\u00e1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, g\u00e1n ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi nghi th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i KGCC ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t KGCC ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m KGCC t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem KGCC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u00ednh quy, thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u201cc\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng\u201d v\u1edbi hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a: C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. CSHT ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng gian\u201d duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i – th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. CSHT x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u201cquy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady thu\u1ed9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, y t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n \u00edch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cung \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp c\u00e1c KGCC ch\u00ednh quy n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c quy ho\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u00e1c KGCC n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ebfn khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0. Hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng KGCC n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng (quy m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa (c\u0169ng v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau). Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c KGCC n\u00e0y c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng pho tri th\u1ee9c quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, KGCC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cs\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ec1 KGCC t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, KGCC ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian cho ph\u00e9p tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, chia s\u1ebb, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p nhau. C\u00e1c KGCC n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c g\u00ec, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n tr\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c caf\u00e9 d\u00e2n d\u00e3 hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ec9a h\u00e8, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cquy\u1ec1n\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n\u201d nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i KGCC n\u00e0y, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201cx\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian: L\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra. Nh\u1eefng KGCC c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, hay kh\u00f4ng gian x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, hay c\u00e1c KGCC phi ch\u00ednh quy \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c KGCC ch\u00ednh quy theo ngh\u0129a \u201cc\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng\u201d nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u1edf tr\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c KGCC lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a KGCC lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eefng KGCC n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh 3D cho kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c KGCC phi ch\u00ednh quy n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i – kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u201ctranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian. V\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, dung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u201cquy\u1ec1n\u201d s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian do ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u201cti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng\u201d c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u2013 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u2013 m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 kh\u00f4ng gian. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y xoay quanh c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u g\u00ec (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian)?<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (trong KGCC) ra sao?<\/p>\n

Quan h\u1ec7, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi – Kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u00e1p nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Maslow v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 5 t\u1ea7ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00e1y th\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1eadc cao s\u1ebd n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi (ph\u00eda \u0111\u00e1y th\u00e1p) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: C\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c “th\u1ec3 l\u00fd” (physiological) – th\u1ee9c \u0103n, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft, th\u1edf, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 hai: Nhu c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n (safety) – c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c y\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 ba: Nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao l\u01b0u t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c (love\/belonging) – mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh y\u00ean \u1ea5m, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 th\u00e2n h\u1eefu tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: Nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng, k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn (esteem) – c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, kinh m\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 n\u0103m: Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n (self-actualization) – mu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0, KGCC c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n khi KGCC l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i ngh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t, ch\u1ed7 \u0111i v\u1ec7 sinh, r\u1eeda tay ch\u00e2n, ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecf r\u00e1c, khi kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n. Thi\u1ebfu khu v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n tay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c KGCC \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 an th\u00ec r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1edd l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng rong do kh\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ec7 sinh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1ebfch nh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0ng rong l\u00e0 k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong KGCC h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1o sinh k\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong quy c\u1ee7, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 an ninh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf KGCC: Xe m\u00e1y \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a KGCC, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n xe m\u00e1y \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o s\u1eaft \u2013 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00ec c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng vui th\u00ec an ninh c\u00e0ng cao v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u201ccon m\u1eaft quan s\u00e1t\u201d trong kh\u00f4ng gian. Bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh, v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ch\u1ed7 v\u1eafng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

KGCC c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u giao l\u01b0u chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a v\u1edbi nhau, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ebb em ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e1 b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ch\u01a1i c\u1edd, \u0111i d\u1ea1o, ng\u1ed3i th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecb em ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m trung ni\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sinh hay khi\u00eau v\u0169 trong KGCC \u1edf c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t g\u1eafn b\u00f3, kh\u0103ng kh\u00edt, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi KGCC \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ea5y, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n \u1ea5y s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

\u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c KGCC ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh: Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc cho tr\u1ebb em, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u1ebd grafiti cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c\u2026 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cb\u1ed9c l\u1ed9\u201d m\u00ecnh, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cth\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n\u201d b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n (t\u1ea7ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 5) v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (t\u1ea7ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 4). Trong c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf KGCC \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (tham gia ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i quan s\u00e1t, theo d\u00f5i (tham gia th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p, \u0111a n\u0103ng, linh ho\u1ea1t: C\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u1ea5p v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i \u0111i l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n n\u0103ng m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111a n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd, khi \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t KGCC, \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ra KGCC \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u00e0o thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i t\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i T\u00d4I v\u00e0 c\u00e1i CH\u00daNG TA v\u00e0 hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t KH\u00d4NG GIAN?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i T\u00d4I ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0o c\u00e1i CH\u00daNG TA v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi KGCC l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, giao ti\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf KGCC c\u00f3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao t\u0103ng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c giao ti\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang ta, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed9t KGCC c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 t\u0129nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng gian, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c KGCC hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Jan Gehn, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh 3 nh\u00f3m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3; ko ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00edch l\u00e0m n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m cho ph\u00e9p, ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebfn r\u0169. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c trong KGCC: Nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm, nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng); l\u00e0m quen n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi; tr\u1ebb em n\u00f4 \u0111\u00f9a v\u1edbi nhau, k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n\u2026<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft hay ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng gian, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo. V\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng KGCC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eddi gian, ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra \u0111\u1ec3 thu g\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 KGCC tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh quy ho\u1ea1ch – thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng gian, gi\u1eefa s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

Do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m KGCC, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KGCC theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng KGCC v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 KGCC t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau: Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh quy, c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng KGCC ch\u00ednh quy nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 KGCC phi ch\u00ednh quy nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cl\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi KGCC. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00e2y xanh l\u00e0 KGCC nh\u01b0ng KGCC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00e2y xanh, v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa, m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n tho\u00e1t ly kh\u1ecfi n\u1ebfp t\u01b0 duy h\u1eb9p trong quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf KGCC \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta: C\u1ee9 KGCC l\u00e0 t\u00f4 m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0 khi x\u00e2y n\u00ean th\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u00f4 tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn KGCC v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng KGCC tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, \u0111a ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 KGCC. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u1ea7n, c\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chia x\u1ebb v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d KGCC, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong c\u00e1c KGCC v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 KGCC ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1eadc cao c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

KGCC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e2\u0323t ch\u00e2\u0301t c\u00f4\u0301 \u0111i\u0323nh v\u01a1\u0301i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u0301c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian do ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1o ra. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, linh ho\u1ea1t, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u2026 trong kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng gian sang t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n (place-making). Khi \u0111\u00f3, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho KGCC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u1edf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u1eadt t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u201cn\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (KGCC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Khu vui ch\u01a1i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8109,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2365,2361],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thiet-ke-nha-dep-bac-ninh","category-tin-tuc-tinh"],"yoast_head":"\nKh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u00fd 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